![]() So there’s a lot of ancient history associated with Gravel’s career, and a lot of what is generally called “eccentricity.” After his 2008 Democratic campaign sputtered to an end, he switched parties and unsuccessfully sought the Libertarian presidential nomination. He was ultimately replaced in the Senate by Frank Murkowski, father of current Alaska GOP senator Lisa Murkowski). In the end, his Senate career was perfectly bookended: He first won statewide office in 1968 by narrowly defeating Alaska icon Ernest Gruening (best known nationally as one of just two senators who voted against the Tonkin Gulf Resolution used by LBJ as authorization for the Vietnam War) in a primary campaign that was about generational change rather than issues, and then lost a 1980 primary to Gruening’s grandson. ![]() interventionism abroad has been his most consistent position (his own edition of the Pentagon Papers was edited and annotated by lefty anti-imperialist stalwarts Noam Chomsky and Howard Zinn), but he annoyed progressives in Alaska by his steady support for development interests. The dramatics of Gravel’s maneuver were typical of his Senate career, which showed considerable courage but also generated charges of showboating and insufficient attention to routine duties. foreign policy, which is why the Nixon administration battled unsuccessfully to keep them secret. Supreme Court lifted an injunction on publishing them in the press.” The papers, a collection of internal DoD memos and other materials documenting the planning and execution of the Vietnam War, offered a searing indictment of U.S. interventionism, however, dated back to a much earlier moment of national notoriety, in 1971, when, as Dan Froomkin explained, Gravel “entered 4,000 pages of the Pentagon Papers into the congressional record just before the U.S. Senate from 1969 until 1981) who has heard of Gravel probably remembers his virtually unfunded 2008 Democratic presidential candidacy, which, thanks to his Senate background, succeeded in getting him into early debates where he served as a bit of an antiwar gadfly. Indeed, most everyone outside Alaska (which he represented in the U.S. Oks and his friends were clearly inspired by Gravel’s performance in the 2008 debates, where he delivered a searing indictment of the vast majority of his fellow candidates for their support of the Iraq war and their continued commitment to American interventionism in the Middle East. “My friends and I were encouraging him to consider running for president with the idea being that he would not try to contest any primaries, he would just try to get into the Democratic debates,” he said. About a week ago, he and a couple friends reached out to Gravel and asked if he would consider making another run for president. Oks, a high school senior who has previously run for mayor of his small New York town, told Splinter that he and several friends are avid listeners of the Chapo Trap House podcast, which mentioned Gravel in a recent episode. Splinter explained how this all happened: This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Googleīy submitting your email, you agree to our Terms and Privacy Notice and to receive email correspondence from us.
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![]() ![]() One can therefore not predict even the direction of the change of water activity with temperature, since it depends on how temperature affects the factors that control water activity in the food.Īs a potential energy measurement, it is a driving force for water movement from regions of high water activity to regions of low water activity. Some products increase water activity with increasing temperature, others decrease a w with increasing temperature, while most high moisture foods have negligible change with temperature. The effect of temperature on the water activity of a food is product specific. rubbery state) is dependent on temperature, one should not be surprised that temperature affects the water activity of the food. Since the state of the matrix (glassy vs. Although solubility of solutes can be a controlling factor, control is usually from the state of the matrix. Temperature changes water activity due to changes in water binding, dissociation of water, solubility of solutes in water, or the state of the matrix. Although these terms are easier to conceptualize, they fail to adequately define all aspects of the concept of water activity. ![]() Water activity is sometimes defined as “free”, “bound”, or “available water” in a system. This is a continuum of energy states rather than a static “boundness”. The water appears “bound” by forces to varying degrees. These factors can be grouped under two broad categories: osmotic and matric effects.ĭue to varying degrees of osmotic and matric interactions, water activity describes the continuum of energy states of the water in a system. It is a combination of these three factors in a food product that reduces the energy of the water and thus reduces the relative humidity as compared to pure water. Surface interactions, in which water interacts directly with chemical groups on undissolved ingredients (e.g., starches and proteins) through dipole-dipole forces, ionic bonds (H 3O + or OH –), van der Waals forces (hydrophobic bonds), and hydrogen bonds.Capillary effect, where the vapor pressure of water above a curved liquid meniscus is less than that of pure water because of changes in the hydrogen bonding between water molecules.Colligative effects of dissolved species (e.g., salt or sugar) interact with water through dipole-dipole, ionic, and hydrogen bonds.There are several factors that control water activity in a system: Water activity is a measure of the energy status of the water in a system. Multiplication of water activity by 100 gives the equilibrium relative humidity ( ERH) in percent. When vapor and temperature equilibrium are obtained, the water activity of the sample is equal to the relative humidity of air surrounding the sample in a sealed measurement chamber. Relative humidity of air is defined as the ratio of the vapor pressure of air to its saturation vapor pressure. Water activity is defined as the ratio of the vapor pressure of water in a material ( p) to the vapor pressure of pure water ( p o) at the same temperature. It is this fact that allows the measurement of the vapor phase to determine the water activity of the sample. Equilibrium between the liquid and the vapor phases implies that μ is the same in both phases. For practical purposes, under most conditions in which foods are found, the fugacity is closely approximated by the vapor pressure ( f ≈ p) so a w = f/f o ≅ p/p oĮquilibrium is obtained in a system when μ is the same everywhere in the system. When dealing with water, a subscript is designated for the substance a w = f/f oĪ w is activity of water, or the escaping tendency of water in system divided by the escaping tendency of pure water with no radius of curvature. The activity of a species is defined as a = f/f o. Where: μ (J mol -1) is the chemical potential of the system i.e., thermodynamic activity or energy per mole of substance μ o is the chemical potential of the pure material at the temperature T (°K) R is the gas constant (8.314 J mol -1 K -1) f is the fugacity or the escaping tendency of a substance and f o is escaping tendency of pure material (van den Berg and Bruin, 1981). In the equilibrium state μ = μ o +RT ln (f/f o) These requirements are: pure water (a w = 1.0) is the standard state, the system is in equilibrium, and the temperature is defined. As a thermodynamic principle there are requirements in defining water activity that must be met. Water activity (a w) is derived from fundamental principles of thermodynamics and physical chemistry. Few who use the term water activity really understand the equations and thermodynamic principles that make it so useful. I found the setup process to be very complex, especially for those who want to try out different console games on their computers for the first time.You can actually run it on a Windows 95 system.Ĭons of RetroArch Super Nintendo Emulator RetroArch has support for some of the most outdated operating systems in the world.If you are not willing to install the system on your computer, you can always use its web version and play your favorite SNES games right in your web browser.The system is loaded with options so that you can finetune your gameplay experience.RetroArch comes with support for both keyboard and joystick. ![]() As long as you have the ROMs, you can play games.
![]() ![]() Step 3: Click the “Photos” section, and there you’ll see the icon and select “Add File” or “Add Folder” to transfer from your PC to Android phone. The above example of photo transfer via snaps. Further select the options such as music, photos, videos, and much more to transfer files from PC to your Samsung S22. Step 2: Once the connection is securely established, and you’ll see the different options on the Dr.Fone software. Step 1: The first step is to launch the Dr.Fone software on your computer, click the “Transfer” component, then you need to plug-in your Android smartphone via the USB. Here are the steps outlined to complete the transaction effortlessly. You can use Dr.Fone Phone Manager to transfer files from pc to Note 9/Huawei or Samsung S8/S21 FE/S22. Step-by-Step Guide to Transfer Files From PC to Android Smartphone Also, this software works for vice versa. Similarly, you can move photos, videos, and even apps from a computer to your iPhone. This software completes the transfer of files from PC to mobile safely. Add a single file or the entire folder from your computer to your iPhone. There, you’ll see a small icon, click it, and then a drop-down will come up and finally click the +Add button. The software will automatically recognize the iPhone and a new window will come up.Ĭlick Music, then a complete list of audio files on your PC will be displayed in an arranged manner. Step 3: In this step, you’ll have to connect your iPhone to your computer, while the Dr.Fone software is still running. Step 2: Now the software is set up on your computer, and after that run the application, there you’ll see the “Phone Manager” window with several options. Once you’ve downloaded, the next thing you go to do is double click the exe-file and install the software like any other. Step 1: The first step is to download the Dr.Fone on your computer it is available for both Windows and Mac. Read till the end as we’ll be discussing the step-by-step tutorial for transferring files from PC to mobile. ![]() Virus scanning to prevent the destination from getting infected with the virus.Safeguarding data from unauthorized access and modifications.Data encryption both when at rest and in motion.The Right File Transfer Solution Serves Three Key Purposes. So, your organization must invest in a reliable and secure file transfer system to move your critical digital files safely & efficiently, regardless of file volume, size, and sensitivity of data. In today’s cut-throat competitive businesses have to deal with a lot of threats, especially cyber attacks. Having a file transfer is essential when you have both personal and professional documents to shift from computer to PC and vice versa. The file transfer system safeguards the data both when it is in transit or at rest. Without this, you run the risk of your critical information getting leaked. Part One: Why Do You Need a File Transfer for PC?Ī secure file transfer system is indispensable to ensure the safe transfer of files from PC to smartphone/PC. We will now only receive $1.42 for every £1 we spend on the dollar. If the rate then dropped to £1:$1.42, then the pound has weakened and we have lost value. We can quickly see that £100 or £1,000 would be worth $149 or $1,490. This means to get exactly $1.49, you will need to spend £1.00. Here is a short example imagine we are trading the GBP/USD and the rate is £1:$1.49. Basically, this tool allows you to see in the current market, how much of one currency you'll have to spend, to receive a certain amount in another currency. So if the exchange rate changes from $1:£0.66 to $1:£0.69, then the calculator will take this on board to give you the correct figure. The calculators are linked to current exchange rates across the globe. Let us start off with the fundamentals of using a calculator. But, what is a exchange rate calculator? How can you make sure you use one effectively to ensure you get the best value for your cash purchase, or make the most profitable trade? People are realizing that they can find their holiday cash at better rates, and business men and women on a global basis are realizing that this is a business opportunity for them. The Foreign Exchange market is becoming more and more popular on a daily basis. Big events such as countries GDP can affect the currency a great deal, so it might be worth postponing the trading of currency until they have passed if the results are predicted to be good for the country.Įxchange Rate Calculator - Using one effectively! Here is one little tip: If you are planning on trading in a currency, so if you are making a business transaction overseas, going on holiday, or a full time trader, then make sure you take into account the Forex Calendar. Obviously money converters that have gone out of date are less than useless! By searching Google you will quickly be able to tell which calculators are constantly updated and the ones that have been left to go out of date. So what is the next step for you? Well, obviously you need to get out there and find yourself a calculator that works for you. Using these methods can save you a lot of money in the long haul! You'll find that you can search current rates depending on the type of currency you are using and make a decision as to which currency you want to trade in. On the other hand, if you have a business, then trading in foreign currencies might be something you do on a daily basis. We are constantly working on developing our technology to give you accurate exchange rates as fast as possible! You will find our website useful even if you are into more volatile markets, such as binary options trading, because the exchange rates are updated religiously every 15 seconds. If you can get the rates on a daily basis, you are much more likely to pick up on trades and eventually enable yourself to make the perfect trade and be extremely profitable. So how can a money converter help you? Well, if you are a trader then you should know that having up to date information as far as rates are concerned is absolutely essential. Since then, the rates might have changed, which means you are being misled about how much your currency is actually worth. Some websites have been put up and were only right as far as rates go at the time. There are literally hundreds of currency converters out there, but not all of them are linked to the official rates. ![]() Whatever your reason for using a money converter, you need to ensure that you use a reliable source. Maybe you need to find current currency rates so you can forecast the cost of a business transaction? Do you want to go on holiday and you need to see what your vacation money is really worth? Or maybe you just need to send some money to a friend who’s living in another country. ![]() You may be a currency trader who needs to know the actual, real-time value of a currency. There are a lot of reasons to use financial tools like a currency converter. Using a money converter to get the latest exchange rates! ![]() President Biden has issued proclamations to halt the construction and funding of the wall at U.S. However, some proclamations can be used by a president to push policy objectives through a deadlocked Congress. The first-ever proclamation, issued by President George Washington, declared a National Day of Thanksgiving in 1789. For example, when a former lawmaker or justice of the Supreme Court dies, a president might issue a proclamation, ordering American flags to be flown at half-staff. ![]() The most common use of proclamations are for holidays, commemorations and special observances, according to the Office of the Federal Register. ![]() Like executive orders, proclamations must be numbered and published in the Federal Register. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson used executive orders to bar racial discrimination in federal housing, hiring and contracting.Ī proclamation is also a form of executive action, but is largely used for ceremonial purposes and usually doesn't carry any legal effect. President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation executive order freed slaves in the South in 1863 and both Presidents John F. Meanwhile, other executive orders have changed the course of history. His most controversial directive came in response to the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941 when he signed Executive Order 90666, creating detention centers for hundreds of thousands of Japanese Americans who were rounded up en masse and relocated to camps for the duration of World War II. Most of FDR's orders were measures aimed at responding to the Great Depression or initiating wartime policy. Modern presidents have issued an average of 30 to 40 executive orders per year. Roosevelt holds the record for most executive orders in presidential history, with 3,721, while John Adams, James Madison and James Monroe are tied for least, with one each. ![]() The exception is William Henry Harrison, who died of pneumonia after serving just one month in office.įranklin D. While it is common for members of the opposing political party to characterize a president's executive orders as overstepping bounds of power, all presidents, from George Washington to Donald Trump, have used them. military detention center at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, Congress stymied him by voting to block funding to pay for the transfer of prisoners from Guantanamo to the U.S., including for prosecution or medical care.įuture presidents can also undo them by amending or rescinding an order from a previous president.Įxecutive orders allow presidents to make policy outside of the regular lawmaking process. When President Barack Obama tried to use executive authority to fulfill his campaign pledge to close the U.S. They have the "force of law" if the topic of the executive order is "founded on the authority of the President derived from the Constitution or statute," according to the House Government Operations Committee.īut its impact can be fleeting Congress can't just pass a new law to override an executive order, but it can cut off funding to make carrying it out impossible. Sign up for NBC New York newsletters.Įxecutive orders are official directives by the President of the United States that manages operations of the federal government and do not require approval from Congress.Įxecutive orders are numbered and required by law to be published in the Federal Register, the official record of actions of the U.S government. Get Tri-state area news and weather forecasts to your inbox. ![]() ![]() To obtain a license for ticketed screenings or performances, distribution, selling or distributing of audio or videotaped events or performances using the purchased material in physical or digital form, or to make any other license request that is not granted by the purchase of the product, please click here to submit your request. Video purchase grants the right to make minor edits to the work in order to accommodate time constraints as long as the edit does not change the original intent or theme of the work. Countdowns Bible Trivia 3: Countdown Use this Bible Trivia Countdown to engage your congregation before your Worship Experience begins. relationships relationshipquiz quiz brainfall Visit Brainfall. ![]() To view this site, you must enable JavaScript or upgrade to a JavaScript-capable browser. Discover fun quizzes, test your trivia, explore interesting personality. Any physical distribution (creation of DVDs, hard drives, thumb drives, etc.) of this content on its own is strictly prohibited. Bible Trivia - Countdowns - Church Media Javascript is disabled on your browser. Modern live stream bible trivia countdown pre-service timer for online church with soft shadows over bright color gradient with subtle clean lines.Together with Pastor Chuck Smith (Kelsey Grammer), they open the doors of Smith’s languishing church to an unexpected revival of radical and. Upload an individual video or background by itself to YouTube, Facebook, or any other video hosting site. 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Thanks to our wide selection of financing and leasing options to choose from, owning the car of dreams has never been easier.Ĭustomer service from Clinton Auto Group doesn't end when the sale does our dealership also staffs an onsite auto service and repair center. Here at Clinton Auto Group, our financial experts will guide you every step of the way to get you behind the wheel in a way that you're completely comfortable with. We know that buying a vehicle is one of the biggest and most important investments you can make. Our Financing Department Here At Clinton Auto Group will Work to Ensure You Drive Home on Your Terms Found the Ford, Nissan, Dodge, Jeep, RAM or Chrysler Model Of Your Dreams? We want to make sure that it looks and drives that way, too. You may be looking at a used car, but it's certainly new to you. That's because we go the extra mile in making sure that each and every model that gets priced for sale undergoes a thorough inspection first. The first thing you'll notice when you step into the Clinton Auto Group showroom is the large selection of new Ford, Nissan, Dodge, Jeep, RAM and Chrysler models to choose from, including the Ford F-150, Nissan Rogue, Dodge Grand Caravan, Jeep Cherokee, RAM 1500 and Chrysler Town & Country.Ĭlinton Auto Group vehicles don't have to be fresh off the production line to be high quality. ![]() Whether you have a specific model in mind or just starting your search, we here at Clinton Auto Group will help you make a highly informed decision through every step of the buying process. ![]() We serve customers from all over, including the Quad Cities, Clinton IA, Camanche IA, Dixon IL, Morrison IL, Rock Falls IL, Sterling IL and Fulton IL. Here at Clinton Auto Group, we are not only passionate about our new and pre-owned Ford, Nissan, Dodge, Jeep, RAM or Chrysler model lineup, but we are dedicated to providing top-notch customer service. Curious about all the Ford, Nissan, Dodge, Jeep, RAM, and Chrysler Buzz? Leverage robust integrations from our community or build your own with our App Framework, Plugins, and open APIs. Next: Learn more about organizing conversations and setting up Mattermost on your mobile device. Mattermost is open source and yours to customize. Share the features list with your team so they can ramp up quickly. Mattermost Playbooks enable reliable and. Once a board is created from the template in Mattermost, you. Select the icon at the top of the sidebar, then select Create new board to open the template picker. In Mattermost, navigate to Boards using the global menu in the upper left corner. Visit the installation guide to get started. Mattermost is an open source platform for secure collaboration across the entire software development lifecycle. How to use and modify the Project Tasks template. ![]() I always get 404 not found or 403 forbidden when using aliasgroups Mattermost w. Once configured, share the end user documentation with your team so they can start receiving notifications.Ĭonnect your Jenkins server to Mattermost to centralize your workflows and manage builds. I have been trying to get Collabora online working in a web application following a similar setup as described here. You can get started with or upgrade the GitHub plugin by searching for GitHub in the Plugin Marketplace from the main menu in Mattermost. Visit the configuration guide to get started. Our GitHub plugin is one of the most popular integrations on Mattermost and we use it every day as part of our development process. Follow the configuration steps, and then let your team know to run /github connect so they can receive notifications.Ĭonnect your Jira account to Mattermost and set up a channel for the bot to post issues so your team is always up to date. Click Step 2: Creating a bot account on the Mattermost server. Get started with GitHub, Jira, and Jenkins:Ĭonnect your GitHub organization to Mattermost using a slash command, to manage your reviews, pull requests, comments, and merges. BangBOOM/Personal-ChatGPT-Telegram-Bot development by creating an account on GitHub. You can find and install integrations and plugins via Product menu > Marketplace. Chen holds an MSEE and BSEE in Electrical Engineering from Arizona State University. Chen is the architect and co-creator of Focalboard, an open source alternative to Trello, Notion and Asana now integrated into the Mattermost suite and available to over 100,000 organizations worldwide. Sign-in with an administrator account to your Mattermost instance. Chen-I Lim is Vice President of Product at Mattermost. ![]() Create a “heartbeat” channel and integrate your most-used apps and plugins with Mattermost to send status updates and critical notifications in one place. This guide uses the mattermost auth module for Mattermost version 5.0 and above. ![]() In reality, some crops are grown with organic methods but aren’t “certified” organic, because it’s quite expensive for farms to obtain official certification from the U.S. Those who produce organic instant coffee will usually source their beans from farmers whose crops are certified to be organically-grown. The only real difference is the manufacturers’ choice of coffee beans. You’ll hear the same opinions about organic instant coffee – it tastes better, and more like brewed coffee, than the non-organic stuff. What about taste? There’s no definitive way to measure whether organic coffee tastes better than non-organic brands, but many coffee drinkers swear that it tastes cleaner and more flavorful than regular coffee. Organic coffee is usually fair-trade certified, too. And coffee drinkers who are environmentally-conscious also prefer organic brands, because organic farming is better for the farms, their workers, and the environment. Organic products generally contain greater amounts of nutrients as well, because they’re not grown in soil loaded with chemicals. Organic growing practices also prohibit the use of genetically modified organisms, so organic instant coffee will automatically be non-GMO. That’s not a small matter non-organic coffee is the most heavily-sprayed crop grown for human consumption. Pesticides, fungicides and other hazardous chemicals aren’t used in organic farming, so organically-grown coffee beans are free of substances that could potentially cause health issues. They primarily choose instant coffee for its convenience.īut why would they choose organic instead of “regular” instant coffee? For the same reasons they might choose organic produce. People drink coffee for many reasons taste, caffeine and health benefits are among the most important. Experts disagree on whether brewed or instant coffee might actually be “healthier,” but the differences appear to be relatively insignificant. It appears that instant and brewed coffee provide most of the same health benefits, including bountiful amounts of antioxidants, better blood sugar control, and a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, liver disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The similarities between the two types of coffee may be more important. The amount of acrylamide in instant is still well below the levels that should concern most people, though.
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